User Name:
Password:
Remember:
Forgotten Password
Not Registered? Sign Up Now!
*
*
Twitter
Facebook
Discord
Email
Forum |
How To Play |
Accessibility
22/05/2031
EOD Running: TitleProcessing
￬
Home ￬
Overview
Features
Affiliate
The Office ￬
Overview
Finance
Contract Summary
Title Summary
Recent Fights
The Gym
Promoter Options
Shows ￬
Schedule Show
List Shows
Find Show
Find Venue
My Stable
Rankings ￬
Fighter Rankings
Purse Bids
Pro Tournaments
Promoter Rankings
All Time/HOF
Career Earnings
eBoxing Promoter Records
Amateurs ￬
Rankings
Tournaments
Scouting ￬
Search
Scouting
Shortlist
Fight Offers ￬
Fight Offers Sent
Fight Offers Received
Contract Offers ￬
Offers Sent
Offers Received
Media ￬
TV Deals
The News
Diary
Donate
Wu-pen Yuan vs HuiK'o Lew
Boxing Daily Report from the AI China-Hong Kong promoted show at Hong Kong Yip, Hong Kong, taking place on 16/12/2026: There are a few empty seats out here tonight, but this is a respectable turnout for the show. Next up is the main event of the show. This is a mandatory fight for the China-Hong Kong Super Lightweight title. Looking to impress the boxing fans in attendance and those watching live on His TV, the two fighters competing in this 10 round matchup are Wu-pen Yuan (22(2) - 1) who hails from Hong Kong, China and HuiK'o Lew(18 - 4) from Hong Kong, China. Yuan weighed in at 139 pounds and 14 ounces, while Lew weighed in at 140 pounds. The referee tonight is Gan Siu, and the three ringside judges are Niao-ka Leng, Zhong Ojong and Wang Goh. Round 1: Lew closes the distance and lands a left hook to the head followed by a right hook to the body. Lew forces Yuan to retreat onto the ropes. Yuan lands a double left hook to his opponents head. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands a cross followed by a jab to his opponents head. Yuan digs in a right hook to Lew's ribcage. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands a stinging jab. Lew connects with a cross. Yuan steps away from his opponent. Lew sidesteps to the left of his opponent. Yuan lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan lands an overhand left followed by a cross to his opponents head. Lew gets on the inside and tries to land a left hook, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a cross. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and is on target with an overhand right. Yuan lands a cross. Yuan drives a stinging jab into his opponents face. Lew stands off with low guard waiting for his opponent to launch an attack. Yuan attempts to land a cross, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a left hook to Yuan's body. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands a jab, cross and a jab to his opponents head. Yuan is on target with a cross. Yuan attempts to land a jab, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a right uppercut to his opponents body. Yuan switches the action to the outside. Lew sidesteps to the right of his opponent. Lew throws a jab, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left uppercut. Lew advances into close range and lands a right hook to the head, a left hook to the body and a left hook to the head. Lew lands a left uppercut followed by a right hook to his opponents body. Lew advances into close range and lands a left uppercut followed by a right hook to his opponents body. At the end of Round 1, lets listen in on the corners...Yuan's trainer is passing on some tactical advice. Round 1 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 13 Jabs Landed: 7 Power Shots Thrown: 26 Power Shots Landed: 12 Head Shots Thrown: 35 Head Shots Landed: 18 Body Shots Thrown: 4 Body Shots Landed: 1 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 1 Jabs Landed: 0 Power Shots Thrown: 34 Power Shots Landed: 12 Head Shots Thrown: 16 Head Shots Landed: 4 Body Shots Thrown: 19 Body Shots Landed: 8 Round 2: Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands an overhand right followed by a cross to his opponents head. Yuan throws a jab, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a cross. Lew is looking to close the distance. Yuan pivots to the left of his opponent. Lew drives a right hook into Yuan's ribcage. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands two consecutive straights to his opponents head. Yuan drives a left hook into his opponents body. Yuan lands a double left hook to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a hard jab. Lew closes the distance and lands two left hooks to his opponents ribs. Lew pivots to the right of his opponent and is on target with a right hook to his opponents body. Lew tries to land a right hook, but his opponent blocks the shot and counters with a right hook. Lew is on target with a left hook to his opponents liver. Yuan lands a right uppercut followed by a right hook to his opponents head. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and lands a straight 1 - 2. Lew is looking to close the distance and lands a right hook to the body, and then to the head. He then lands a left uppercut followed by a right uppercut to his opponents body. Yuan quickly sidesteps from in front of his opponent. Yuan attempts to land a right hook, but Lew parries the shot and counters with a left hook. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and is on target with a spiteful jab. Lew lands a jab to the head followed by a left hook to the body. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands two consecutive straights to his opponents head. Lew gets on the inside and drives a right hook into his opponents ribcage. Lew digs in a left hook to Yuan's body. Lew walks Yuan down, trapping him in a neutral corner. Lew drives a left hook into Yuan's body. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands an overhand right followed by a jab to his opponents head. Lew gets on the inside. Yuan lands a right hook. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands a double jab to his opponents head. Lew steps inside and walks Yuan onto the ropes. Lew digs in a right uppercut to Yuan's body. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and connects with an overhand right. Yuan hits home with a cross. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and connects with a cross. Lew steps inside and attempts to land a left uppercut, but Yuan slips the shot and counters with a cross. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands an overhand right followed by a jab to his opponents head. Round 2 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 12 Jabs Landed: 7 Power Shots Thrown: 44 Power Shots Landed: 20 Head Shots Thrown: 49 Head Shots Landed: 26 Body Shots Thrown: 7 Body Shots Landed: 1 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 2 Jabs Landed: 1 Power Shots Thrown: 33 Power Shots Landed: 16 Head Shots Thrown: 15 Head Shots Landed: 4 Body Shots Thrown: 20 Body Shots Landed: 13 Round 3: Lew lands with a spiteful jab. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a solid jab. Yuan connects with a cross. Lew is looking to close the distance and lands a right hook followed by a left hook to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a spiteful jab. Lew is looking to close the distance and lands a left hook followed by a left uppercut to his opponents head. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and strikes his opponents body with a jab. Lew gets on the inside and hits home with a right uppercut. Lew drops his hands, and waves his opponent in. Yuan is on target with an overhand right. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands a straight 1 - 2. Yuan snaps his opponents head back with a spiteful jab. Yuan throws a jab, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan sidesteps to the right of his opponent. Lew finds the target with a jab. Yuan connects with an overhand right. Yuan attempts to land a cross, but Lew blocks the shot and counters with a cross. Lew advances into close range and connects with a right uppercut. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands with a stinging jab. Yuan sidesteps to the left of his opponent. Lew lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan is on target with a jab. Yuan lands a right hook. Lew manages to force Yuan into a corner. Lew lands a left hook to the head followed by a left uppercut to the body. Yuan connects with a right uppercut. Lew pivots to the left of his opponent. Yuan digs in a right uppercut to his opponents body. Lew sidesteps to the right of his opponent and drives a right hook into his opponents ribs. Yuan pivots from in front of his opponent. Lew lands a jab to Yuan's body. Lew is looking to close the distance and drives a right hook into Yuan's ribs. Round 3 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 16 Jabs Landed: 7 Power Shots Thrown: 24 Power Shots Landed: 7 Head Shots Thrown: 36 Head Shots Landed: 12 Body Shots Thrown: 4 Body Shots Landed: 2 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 7 Jabs Landed: 5 Power Shots Thrown: 28 Power Shots Landed: 12 Head Shots Thrown: 25 Head Shots Landed: 13 Body Shots Thrown: 10 Body Shots Landed: 4 Round 4: Lew drives a right uppercut into Yuan's ribs. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and attempts to land an overhand right, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a left hook. Lew closes the distance and lands a left hook to the head, a left hook to the body and a right hook to the body. Yuan is on target with a cross. Yuan lands three consecutive jabs to his opponents head. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and lands a cross followed by a overhand right to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside and lands an overhand right followed by a cross to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a cross, jab and a cross to his opponents head. Yuan tries to land a jab, but his opponent dodges the shot and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands a straight 1 - 2. Lew sidesteps to the left of his opponent and lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and lands a solid jab. Lew sidesteps to the right of his opponent and lands with a hard jab. Yuan is on target with a hard jab. Yuan lands a hard jab. Yuan hits home with a left hook. Lew is on target with a cross. Lew advances into close range and walks Yuan down, trapping him in a neutral corner. Lew pivots from in front of his opponent and digs in a left hook to his opponents liver. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and lands a jab followed by a overhand right to his opponents head. He continues the combination and lands a cross followed by a jab to his opponents head. Lew advances into close range and throws a left uppercut, but his opponent slips the shot and counters with a right uppercut. Lew lands two left hooks to his opponents ribs. Round 4 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 14 Jabs Landed: 10 Power Shots Thrown: 27 Power Shots Landed: 12 Head Shots Thrown: 38 Head Shots Landed: 22 Body Shots Thrown: 3 Body Shots Landed: 0 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 8 Jabs Landed: 3 Power Shots Thrown: 20 Power Shots Landed: 10 Head Shots Thrown: 17 Head Shots Landed: 7 Body Shots Thrown: 11 Body Shots Landed: 6 Round 5: Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and connects with a cross. Yuan switches the action to the outside and connects with a cross. Yuan finds the target with a sharp jab. Yuan lands a cross followed by a jab to his opponents head. Lew closes the distance. Lew pivots to the side of his opponent and lands a right hook to the head, a left hook to the body and a right uppercut to the head. Yuan tries to land a cross, but Lew slips the shot and counters with a left uppercut. Lew lands a left hook. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands a jab, cross and an overhand right to his opponents head. Lew tries to land a left hook, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a right hook. Lew lands a left hook to the body, and then to the head. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands a double jab to his opponents head. Lew closes the distance and connects with a right hook. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands a jab followed by a overhand right to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside. Lew sidesteps to the right of his opponent and lands a cross. Lew closes the distance. Lew sidesteps to the left of his opponent and lands a left uppercut. Yuan connects with a cross. Yuan lands a cross. Yuan attempts to land a jab, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a right uppercut. Lew pivots from in front of his opponent and is on target with a jab. Yuan switches the action to the outside and lands a jab followed by a overhand right to his opponents head. Yuan steps to the outside and connects with an overhand right. Lew closes the distance and lands a left hook. Round 5 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 13 Jabs Landed: 7 Power Shots Thrown: 27 Power Shots Landed: 11 Head Shots Thrown: 36 Head Shots Landed: 18 Body Shots Thrown: 4 Body Shots Landed: 0 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 1 Jabs Landed: 1 Power Shots Thrown: 27 Power Shots Landed: 12 Head Shots Thrown: 18 Head Shots Landed: 11 Body Shots Thrown: 10 Body Shots Landed: 2 Round 6: Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and throws a jab, but his opponent blocks the shot and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan is on target with a cross. Yuan is on target with a jab to his opponents body. Yuan lands two jabs to the body, and one to the head. Lew gets on the inside. Yuan quickly sidesteps from in front of his opponent and hits home with a right hook. Yuan connects with a left uppercut. Lew walks his opponent down, trapping him on the ropes. Lew pivots from in front of his opponent and hits home with a right hook. Yuan lands a right hook. Lew is on target with a left uppercut to Yuan's ribs. As Lew tries to work on the inside, the fighters heads come together! The ref does not appear to have noticed the clash as Yuan dabs at his face checking for damage. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and tries to land an overhand right, but Lew parries the shot and counters with a cross. Lew attempts to land a jab, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a right hook. Lew is looking to close the distance. Yuan lands a left hook. Lew pivots to the side of his opponent. Yuan throws a left hook, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a cross. Yuan throws a left hook, but his opponent parries the shot and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan lands a double jab to his opponents head. Lew lands a right hook to the body, and then to the head. He then lands a double right hook to his opponents head. Yuan hits home with a spiteful jab. Lew closes the distance and attempts to land a right uppercut, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a left hook. Yuan steps away from his opponent and connects with a cross. Yuan lands with a sharp jab. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and throws an overhand right, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left uppercut. Round 6 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 19 Jabs Landed: 8 Power Shots Thrown: 29 Power Shots Landed: 8 Head Shots Thrown: 38 Head Shots Landed: 14 Body Shots Thrown: 10 Body Shots Landed: 2 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 1 Jabs Landed: 0 Power Shots Thrown: 18 Power Shots Landed: 11 Head Shots Thrown: 16 Head Shots Landed: 9 Body Shots Thrown: 3 Body Shots Landed: 2 Round 7: Yuan hits home with a cross. Lew closes the distance and attempts to land a right hook, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a right hook to his opponents ribs. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and tries to land a cross, but Lew slips the shot and counters with a left hook. Lew is looking to close the distance. Yuan lands a left hook. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and lands a cross. Lew feints a jab, tricking Yuan into launching a right uppercut counter. Lew springs the trap, countering with a cross. Yuan hits home with an overhand left. Lew advances into close range and lands a left hook to the body, and then to the head. Lew pivots to the left of his opponent and lands a left hook followed by a right hook to his opponents body. Yuan hits home with a left hook. Lew pivots to the side of his opponent. Yuan throws a left hook, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and lands two jabs followed by an overhand right to his opponents head. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands a jab followed by a overhand left to his opponents head. Yuan attempts to land a cross, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a right hook. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and snaps his opponents head back with a spiteful jab. Yuan throws a jab, but his opponent slips the shot and counters with a right hook. Yuan sidesteps to the left of his opponent. Lew lands a left uppercut followed by a right uppercut to his opponents body. Yuan steps away from his opponent and tries to land a jab, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a right uppercut. Lew sidesteps to the right of his opponent. Yuan finds the target with a jab. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and tries to land a jab, but his opponent dodges the shot and counters with a right hook. Lew lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands a cross followed by a overhand left to his opponents head. Yuan switches the action to the outside and throws a cross, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a cross. Lew advances into close range. Yuan pivots from in front of his opponent. Yuan throws a short cross to the body, but lands low! The ref stops the action and gives Lew time to recover. Lew is looking to close the distance and walks Yuan down, trapping him in a corner. Yuan tries to land a left hook, but Lew blocks the shot and counters with a left hook. Yuan is on target with a right uppercut to his opponents body. Round 7 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 14 Jabs Landed: 5 Power Shots Thrown: 35 Power Shots Landed: 11 Head Shots Thrown: 45 Head Shots Landed: 14 Body Shots Thrown: 4 Body Shots Landed: 2 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 3 Jabs Landed: 2 Power Shots Thrown: 28 Power Shots Landed: 15 Head Shots Thrown: 24 Head Shots Landed: 12 Body Shots Thrown: 7 Body Shots Landed: 5 Round 8: Yuan sidesteps to the left of his opponent and hits home with a left hook. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range and lands with a hard jab. Yuan lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan lands a jab, cross and a jab to his opponents head. Lew steps inside and is on target with a right hook to Yuan's ribcage. Lew throws a left hook, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left uppercut. Yuan lands a straight 1 - 2. He continues the combination and lands a straight 1 - 2. Lew is looking to close the distance and walks Yuan onto the ropes. Lew quickly sidesteps from in front of his opponent. Lew throws a left hook, but his opponent dodges the shot and counters with a cross. Yuan lands a cross followed by a overhand right to his opponents head. Yuan lands an overhand right. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a cross followed by two jabs to his opponents head. Lew advances into close range. Yuan attempts to land a right uppercut, but Lew slips the shot and counters with a cross. Lew pivots to the right of his opponent and connects with a left hook. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands an overhand right followed by a overhand left to his opponents head. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range. Yuan sidesteps to the right of his opponent and lands an overhand right to the head, a jab to the body and a jab to the head. Lew is looking to close the distance and manouvers his opponent into the corner. Yuan lands a right hook to the head followed by a left hook to the body. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and connects with an overhand left. Lew is on target with a right hook. Yuan is on target with a jab. Yuan lands a double jab to his opponents head. Yuan lands an overhand left. Lew gets on the inside. Yuan lands a right hook to the body followed by a left hook to the head. Yuan attempts to land a left hook, but Lew dodges the shot and counters with a cross. At the end of Round 8, lets listen in on the corners...Lew's trainer is telling his fighter he is being outworked and needs to throw more. Round 8 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 23 Jabs Landed: 14 Power Shots Thrown: 34 Power Shots Landed: 19 Head Shots Thrown: 51 Head Shots Landed: 30 Body Shots Thrown: 6 Body Shots Landed: 3 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 1 Jabs Landed: 0 Power Shots Thrown: 23 Power Shots Landed: 5 Head Shots Thrown: 16 Head Shots Landed: 4 Body Shots Thrown: 8 Body Shots Landed: 1 Round 9: Yuan steps to the outside and lands a cross. Yuan switches the action to the outside and throws a jab, but his opponent slips the shot and counters with a right uppercut to Yuan's ribcage. Lew advances into close range and manouvers Yuan into the corner. Lew drives a right uppercut into Yuan's ribs. Lew tries to land a left uppercut, but Yuan blocks the shot and counters with a left uppercut to his opponents liver. Lew lands a right hook to the body followed by a left uppercut to the head. Lew is on target with a right hook to Yuan's ribs. Lew lands a left uppercut followed by a right hook to his opponents head. Lew drives a left hook into Yuan's ribs. Lew digs in a right uppercut to his opponents body. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands a jab followed by a overhand left to his opponents head. Lew connects with a left hook. Lew throws a jab, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a left hook. Yuan is looking to keep his distance. Yuan sidesteps to the left of his opponent. Lew lands a cross. Lew is looking to close the distance. Yuan is on target with a right hook. Lew lands a right uppercut to the body followed by a right hook to the head. Yuan steps away from his opponent and is on target with a jab. Yuan lands a cross. Yuan lands a jab to the body, and then to the head. Yuan hits home with a cross. Lew connects with a left uppercut. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and finds the target with a spiteful jab. Lew gets on the inside and digs in a left hook to his opponents body. Round 9 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 11 Jabs Landed: 5 Power Shots Thrown: 24 Power Shots Landed: 7 Head Shots Thrown: 28 Head Shots Landed: 10 Body Shots Thrown: 7 Body Shots Landed: 2 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 1 Jabs Landed: 0 Power Shots Thrown: 39 Power Shots Landed: 15 Head Shots Thrown: 25 Head Shots Landed: 7 Body Shots Thrown: 15 Body Shots Landed: 8 Round 10: Lew drives a left hook into his opponents body. Yuan tries to keep the action at long range. Yuan sidesteps to the left of his opponent. Lew is on target with a ramrod jab. Yuan is on target with a stiff jab. Lew gets on the inside and lands a left hook to the head, a left uppercut to the head and a left uppercut to the body. Yuan steps to the outside. Yuan lowers his guard, attempting to draw a lead. Lew lands a double jab to his opponents head. Lew quickly sidesteps from in front of his opponent and is on target with an overhand left. Yuan lands an overhand right followed by a cross to his opponents head. Yuan is looking to keep the action on the outside and lands a hard jab. Yuan steps away from his opponent and attempts to land an overhand right, but Lew sidesteps and counters with a right hook. Yuan finds the target with a jab. Lew connects with a right hook. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and connects with a cross. Yuan finds the target with a stiff jab. Yuan steps away from his opponent and lands a cross followed by a jab to his opponents head. Yuan tries to step out of his opponents range and lands two jabs followed by a cross to his opponents head. Yuan lands with a stinging jab. Yuan lands a left hook to the body, and then to the head. Yuan is looking to keep his distance and connects with a cross. Yuan tries to land an overhand right, but his opponent sidesteps and counters with a right hook. Yuan connects with a cross. Yuan steps to the outside and lands a cross followed by a jab to his opponents head. Yuan lands a hard jab. Yuan steps away from his opponent and finds the target with a jab. Round 10 Statistics Yuan: Jabs Thrown: 20 Jabs Landed: 11 Power Shots Thrown: 28 Power Shots Landed: 10 Head Shots Thrown: 43 Head Shots Landed: 20 Body Shots Thrown: 5 Body Shots Landed: 1 Lew: Jabs Thrown: 5 Jabs Landed: 3 Power Shots Thrown: 20 Power Shots Landed: 8 Head Shots Thrown: 19 Head Shots Landed: 9 Body Shots Thrown: 6 Body Shots Landed: 2 Round 1 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 2 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 3 Scores: 9 - 10 9 - 10 9 - 10 Round 4 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 5 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 6 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 7 Scores: 9 - 10 9 - 10 9 - 10 Round 8 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Round 9 Scores: 9 - 10 10 - 10 10 - 10 Round 10 Scores: 10 - 9 10 - 9 10 - 9 Final Scorecards: 97 - 93 98 - 93 98 - 93 The winner, by Unanimous Decision, from Hong Kong, China.... Wu-pen Yuan Fight Statistics Yuan: Total Punches Thrown: 453 Total Punches Landed: 198 Total Head Shots Thrown: 399 Total Head Shots Landed: 184 Total Body Shots Thrown: 54 Total Body Shots Landed: 14 Total Power Shots Thrown: 298 Total Power Shots Landed: 117 Total Jabs Thrown: 155 Total Jabs Landed: 81 Lew: Total Punches Thrown: 300 Total Punches Landed: 131 Total Head Shots Thrown: 191 Total Head Shots Landed: 80 Total Body Shots Thrown: 109 Total Body Shots Landed: 51 Total Power Shots Thrown: 270 Total Power Shots Landed: 116 Total Jabs Thrown: 30 Total Jabs Landed: 15